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Smokeless Tobacco
- Worldwide, variety of smokeless tobacco products like Chewing Tobacco (plug, loose-leaf, twist, and pan known as betel quid: hogesoppu, gundi, gutkha, kadapam, kaddipudi, kiwam, mainpuri, mawa, mishiri, pan masala, pattiwala, pills, zarda), Snuff (dry for the nasal passages or moist for holding in mouth), or ingredients-containing products regionally made in South East or Central Asia and Middle East (e.g., bajar, gudakku, khaini, nass, naswar, shammaah) have been in use.
- The most common malignancy caused by tobacco chewing is the cancer of the buccal cavity; its annual mortality in south Asia alone has been estimated to be about 50 000 a year.
Health hazards of tobacco smoking (major headlines):
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Chewing tobacco causes:
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- Addiction
- Buccal mucosal lesions
- Cardiovascular disease
- CNS depression
- Dental & gum diseases
- DNA damage
- Erythroplakia
- Esophageal cancer
- Esophageal mucosal lesions
- Gastric mucosal damage
- Gingival retardation
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- Hypersalivation
- Hypertension
- Hypokalemia
- Leukoplakia
- Low birth-weight babies
- Oral cancer
- Oral fibrosis
- Oral tissue lesions
- Preterm delivery
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- Salivary gland hyperplasia
- Stillbirth
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Chewing tobacco has been linked to:
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- Colorectal cancer
- Endocrinological disorders
- Fetal malformations
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Gastric cancer
Placental damage
Prostate cancer
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Using snuff causes:
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- Addiction
- Cardiovascular disease
- CNS depression
- Dental & gum diseases
- DNA damage
- Gingival retardation
- Hypertension
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Hypokalemia
Inflammatory bowel disease
Leukoplakia
Nasal mucociliary disorder
Oral cancer
Oral tissue lesions
Recurrent pulmonary infiltration
Sinonasal cancer
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Using snuff has been linked to:
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- Diabetes
- Endocrinological disorders
- Gastric lesions
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Lung function impairment
Neuromuscular disorder
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